Asthma

Overview

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling. It affects approximately 300 million people worldwide.

Classification by Severity

Common Triggers

• Allergens — Dust mites, pollen, pet dander, mold
• Irritants — Smoke, pollution, strong odors
• Infections — Viral upper respiratory infections
• Exercise — Especially in cold, dry air
• Medications — Aspirin, NSAIDs, beta-blockers

Key Management Principles

1. Controller medications — Daily anti-inflammatory therapy
2. Reliever medications — Quick-relief for acute symptoms
3. Trigger avoidance — Environmental control measures
4. Action plan — Written plan for self-management
5. Regular monitoring — Peak flow, spirometry

Asthma control, not severity, should drive treatment decisions. A well-controlled asthma patient on Step 4 therapy has better outcomes than an uncontrolled patient on Step 2.