Atopic Dermatitis

What is Atopic Dermatitis?

Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes dry, itchy, and inflamed patches of skin. It typically begins in childhood and is associated with a family history of allergies, asthma, or hay fever.

Common Symptoms

• Intense itching, especially at night
• Red to brownish-gray patches on hands, feet, ankles, wrists, neck, and eyelids
• Small, raised bumps that may leak fluid when scratched
• Thickened, cracked, or scaly skin

Treatment Approaches

Topical Therapies

1. Corticosteroid creams — first-line treatment for flare-ups
2. Calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus, pimecrolimus) — for sensitive areas
3. PDE4 inhibitors (crisaborole) — newer non-steroidal option

Systemic Therapies

• Dupilumab — biologic targeting IL-4/IL-13 for moderate-to-severe cases
• JAK inhibitors — oral medications for refractory disease

Lifestyle Management

• Daily moisturization with fragrance-free emollients
• Identifying and avoiding personal triggers
• Wearing soft, breathable fabrics
• Stress management techniques

Important: Consult a dermatologist if over-the-counter treatments are not providing relief after 2 weeks.