Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Overview
GERD is a chronic condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation.
Common Symptoms
- Heartburn — burning sensation in the chest
- Regurgitation — sour taste in the mouth
- Dysphagia — difficulty swallowing
Risk Factors
| Factor | Risk Level | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Obesity | High | Increases abdominal pressure |
| Smoking | Moderate | Weakens LES |
| Pregnancy | Temporary | Hormonal changes |
GERD affects approximately 20% of adults in Western countries.
Management
- Lifestyle modifications
- Proton pump inhibitors
- Surgical intervention (severe cases)
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