Hypertension
Overview
Hypertension is persistently elevated blood pressure that increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure.
Classification
| Stage | Systolic | Diastolic |
|---|---|---|
| Normal | <120 | <80 |
| Elevated | 120-129 | <80 |
| Stage 1 | 130-139 | 80-89 |
| Stage 2 | ≥140 | ≥90 |
Risk Factors
- Modifiable — diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol
- Non-modifiable — age, genetics, race
- Contributing — stress, sleep apnea, kidney disease
Known as the "silent killer" because it often has no symptoms until organ damage occurs.
Treatment Approach
- DASH diet and sodium restriction
- Regular aerobic exercise
- Pharmacotherapy (ACE inhibitors, ARBs, diuretics)
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