Hypothyroidism
Overview
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces insufficient hormones, slowing metabolism throughout the body.
Symptoms
- Fatigue — persistent tiredness and lethargy
- Weight gain — unexplained increase despite normal diet
- Cold intolerance — feeling cold when others are comfortable
- Dry skin — rough, scaly patches
Diagnosis
| Test | Normal Range | Hypothyroid |
|---|---|---|
| TSH | 0.4-4.0 mIU/L | Elevated |
| Free T4 | 0.8-1.8 ng/dL | Low |
| Free T3 | 2.3-4.2 pg/mL | Low |
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause in iodine-sufficient countries.
Treatment
- Levothyroxine replacement therapy
- Regular TSH monitoring
- Dosage adjustment every 6-8 weeks
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