Major Depressive Disorder
Overview
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a serious mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities. It affects approximately 280 million people worldwide.
Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-5)
≥5 of the following for ≥2 weeks, including at least one of the first two:
- Depressed mood most of the day
- Anhedonia — diminished interest or pleasure
- Significant weight change (>5% in a month)
- Insomnia or hypersomnia
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation
- Fatigue or loss of energy
- Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- Difficulty concentrating
- Recurrent thoughts of death or suicidality
Treatment Options
| Approach | Examples | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Psychotherapy | CBT, IPT, MBCT | Strong |
| SSRIs | Sertraline, Escitalopram | Strong |
| SNRIs | Venlafaxine, Duloxetine | Strong |
| Atypical | Bupropion, Mirtazapine | Moderate |
| Neuromodulation | TMS, ECT | Moderate-Strong |
Risk Factors
- Genetics — 2-3x risk with first-degree relative
- Trauma — Childhood adversity, abuse
- Medical — Chronic illness, hormonal changes
- Social — Isolation, poverty, relationship problems
MDD is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Early treatment significantly improves outcomes, with 60-70% of patients responding to first-line therapy.
Encuentra especialistas
Busca profesionales que tratan Major Depressive Disorder en nuestra plataforma.
Ver especialistas para Major Depressive Disorder →